Gain enhancement of a microstrip patch antenna using a. Micro strip antenna consists of a very thin metallic strip placed on a. This work is mainly focused on increasing the gain as well as reducing the size of the unidirectional patch. Deschamps in 1953, but didnt become practical until the 1970s when it was developed further by researchers such as robert e. Design parameters and tradeoffs are presented for microstrip antennas. Design and improvement of microstrip patch antenna. Fang microstrip antenna design handbook garg et al title says it all, but a few inaccuracies have been found.
Design simulation and fabrication of microstrip patch antenna 351 for the proposed antenna the feed point location for the first patch is 18. Typical half wave patches have efficiencies well above 90%. Four pairs of crossed slots are etched outone from each quadrant of the surface and a smaller pair from the center of the patch. View microstrip patch antennas research papers on academia. If the antenna had a 100% radiation efficiency, all directivity would be converted to gain. Lens antennas are made up of glass, where the converging and diverging properties of lens are followed. The concept of the microstrip patch antenna originated in the 1950s, but it did not attract serious attention until the 1970s. In this section, well discuss the microstrip antenna, which is also commonly referred to as the patch antenna. Fang microstrip antenna design handbook garg et al title says it all, but a few inaccuracies have been found antenna theory constantine balanis used for antennas i elen 715. Microstrip patch antennas or simply patch antenna are increasingly useful because the antenna is printed directly onto a circuit board. This tool is designed to calculate the correct dimensions of a microstrip patch antenna if the operating frequency and the dielectric constant of the material used, is known. There are many different types of microstrip patch antennas, and many of them can be found in the microwavetools antenna az database. The links to other antenna calculators are also mentioned.
Wavetrapping effects in substrates involve the study of surface waves and discontinuities in open waveguide structures. It also has a wide angle of beam in its radiation pattern. Their low profile design, often square or rectangular, allows them to be mounted to flat surfaces. The frequency of operation of the patch antenna of figure 1 is determined by the length l. The microstrip patch antenna is used in a wide range of applications since it is easy to design and fabricate. Ill use the terms microstrip antenna and patch antenna interchangeably.
It consists of a flat rectangular sheet or patch of metal, mounted over a larger sheet of metal called a ground plane. The above equation says that the microstrip antenna should have a length equal to one half of a wavelength within the dielectric substrate medium. The microstrip patch antenna takes on many forms and has been widely used in the past due to its low profile and ease of manufacturing. Analysis and design of the rectangular microstrip patch antennas. The compatibility of microstrip antennas with integrated electronics is another great advantage. Properties of a basic microstrip patch a microstrip or patch antenna is a lowprofile antenna that has a number of advantages over other antennas. The electric far field of the microstrip patch antenna is shown in figure. Designing an impedance matching network is a central. These are very low size antennas having low radiation. Basic geometry and basic characteristics of patch antennas 3. A personal overview of the development of microstrip patch. If the dielectric constant of the material is not known, you can choose to put in the velocity of. A microstrip patch antenna mpa consists of a conducting patch of any planar or nonplanar geometry on one side of a dielectric substrate with a ground plane on other side.
Thus as there are two different polarizations for two patches mutual coupling is. This work is mainly focused on increasing the gain as well as reducing the size of the unidirectional patch antenna. The antenna is attractive due to its lowprofile conformal design, relatively low cost and very narrow bandwidth. The goal is to understand the radiation mechanism, polarization, patterns.
The purpose of this monograph is to present the reader with an appreciation of the underlying physical action, uptodate theoretical treatments, useful antenna design approaches and the overall stateoftheart situation. Pdf impedance matching techniques for microstrip patch antenna. A microstrip patch antenna is one of the most popular microwave antennas. In the past few years, the concept of creating microwave antennas using microstrip has attracted increasing attention and viable practical designs are now emerging. You are welcome to visit a website that goes along with a course at the university of houston on microstrip antennas powerpoint viewgraphs from the course may be found there, along with the viewgraphs from this short course. The basics of patch antennas, updated orban microwave.
Microstrip patch antenna array design to improve better. On the use of slots in the design of patch antennas. However, the microstrip wavetrapping effects inhibit the radiation mechanism and must be taken into account in antenna design. Here is the link page to the various patch antenna and microstrip antenna topics.
In this work, the simulation tool of ie3d is used to study the performance and gain of the rectangular microstrip patch antenna. Nov 22, 2016 hfss tutorial 2 microstrip patch antenna with a cutting slot coaxial feed how to cut slot in patch duration. The most common type of microstrip antenna is the patch antenna. Design and analysis of microstrip patch antenna arrays.
Textile materials for the design of wearable antennas. Additional benefits of patch antennas is that they are easily fabricated making them cost effective. A patch antenna is a narrowband, widebeam antenna fabricated by etching the antenna element pattern in metal trace bonded to an insulating dielectric substrate, such as a printed circuit board, with a continuous metal layer bonded to the opposite side. Theory and experiment on microstrip patch antennas with shorting walls. International journal of science, engineering and technology research 2. Microstrip patch antenna calculator electrical engineering. The directivity of a patch can be estimated quite easily. Dual ushape microstrip patch antenna design for wimax applications.
The antennas, which we have discussed till now, used the plane surface. This method employs ground plane between two substrates. Wood in the past few years, the concept of creating microwave antennas using microstrip has attracted increasing attention and viable practical designs are now emerging. Theory and experiment on microstrip patch antennas. This polarization can be either vertical or horizontal depending on the orientation of the patch. The aim of this book is to provide a coherent account of the theory, analysis, and design of these antennas, as well as some recent developments. Impedance matching techniques for microstrip patch antenna. Design of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna using. Antenna theory lens the antennas, which we have discussed till now, used the plane surface. Experimental and calculated results based on the finitedifference. Uhf patch antennas for space antenna development corporation, inc. Theory and experiment on microstrip antennas, ieee transactions on antennas and propagation, ap27, 1979 pp. Microstrip patch antennas are more popularly used now a.
In the past few years, the concept of creating microwave antennas using microstrip has attracted increasing attention and viable practical designs are. The rectangular patch antenna is analyzed, and what is learned here will be applied to understanding pifas planar invertedf antennas. In addition to a discussion of nearfield measurement and the highfrequency method, this book also covers. A metal patch mounted at a ground level with a dielectric material inbetween constitutes a micro strip or patch antenna. Patch antenna with a quarterwavelength matching section. While this type of antenna is not used as much as it once was, the theory behind this antenna has led to many of the more. Hfss tutorial 2microstrip patch antenna with a cutting slot coaxial feed how to cut slot in patch duration. Design simulation and fabrication of microstrip patch antenna. As an example, the size must increase to have it work at lower frequencies. These antennas are capable of supporting high data rates to at least 10 watts of transmittedpower. The center frequency will be approximately given by. Microstrip patch antenna design linkedin slideshare. The designed microstrip patch antenna with four slits and a pair of truncated corners are simulated using cadfeko for finding the electric far field radiation, gain, directivity, radiation pattern e. This paper presents a personal overview of the development of microstrip patch antennas.
A patch antenna radiates power in certain directions and we say that the antenna has directivity usually expressed in dbi. There are several techniques have been applied to overcome this problem, such as increasing the substrate thickness, introducing parasitic element, that is coplaner and stack configuration, or modifying the patchs shape includes designing an e. Alternate feed methods a common variation in patch antenna design is the location and routing of the feed, to obtain a desired feedpoint impedance, to. Some basic references are provided at the end of these viewgraphs. The microstrip patch antenna calculator determines the length l and width w of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna for a given resonant frequency or vice versa. Microstrip patch antennas have become the favorite of antenna designers because of its versatility and advantages of planar profile, ease of fabrication, compatibility with integrated circuit technology, and conformability with a shaped surface.
Siddaiah procedia computer science 85 2016 401 a 409 3d polar plot. Design of square patch antenna with a notch on fr4 substrate. The patch mentioned yields horizontal polarizati on, as shown. The lens antennas are used for higher frequency applications. A slot will be placed on the ground plane and feed line will be placed on lower substrate. Applications include gps, usaf sgls, nasa sn including. Richards, theory and experiment on microstrip antennas, ieee trans.
Instead of integrating a lna to increase the wearable antenna performance, zhu and langley 11,12 developed a dualband coplanar patch antenna, to operate in the 2. The goal is to match the input impedance zin to the transmission line z0. The proposed antenna is suitable for specific applications, such as security and military systems, which require a narrow bandwidth and a small antenna size. This rectangular microstrip patch antenna is designed for wireless communication application that works at 2. Antenna theory and microstrip antennas electronic resource. The lens antennas use the curved surface for both transmission and reception. From balanis, antenna theory, analysis and design fourth edition if l w h, the dominant mode i. The fundamentals of patch antenna design and performance. Elementary linear sources, including huygens planar element, and analysis and synthesis of the discrete and continuous arrays formed by these elementary sources the digital beamforming antenna and smart antenna cavity mode theory and. The permittivity should be low for large bandwidth but high to make the patch antenna smaller.
Microstrip patch antenna construction and design aperture. The results obtain that microstrip patch antenna can be used as client antenna in computer and workable antenna for wireless fidelity. They are the original type of microstrip antenna described by howell in 1972. The design and simulation of patch antennas is widely used in mobile cellular phones today, and our emphasis in this work is on optimization of a 2. Microstrip patch antenna design calculator 1 mosin i memon and 2 prof. Antdevco employees have designed andmanufactured spacecraft microstrip patch antennas for many small spacecraft programs. The patch is generally made up of a conducting material such as copper or gold and can take any possible shape like rectangular, circular, triangular, elliptical or some other common shape. Often microstrip antennas are also referred to as patch antennas. A patch antenna is a type of radio antenna with a low profile, which can be mounted on a flat surface.
The square microstrip patch has a side length and is printed on a substrate of thickness and relative permittivity. The project here provides a detailed study of how to design a probefed square microstrip patch antenna using hfss, v11. To present a concise and comprehensive summarization of various impedance matching techniques for microstrip patch antennas. Microstrip antenna theory and design electromagnetic. It mentions bowtie antenna calculator and mentions formula or equations used for bowtie antenna calculations. Click here to go to our page on circular patch antennas new for september 2018.
The basic principles are illustrated here for a rectangular patch, but the principles apply similarly for other patch shapes. In the four decades since, there are literally thousands of papers on this antenna. The radiation pattern of microstrip or patch antenna is broad. A low profile, unidirectional, dual layer, and narrow bandwidth microstrip patch antenna is designed to resonate at 2. The radiation pattern of microstrip or patch antenna is. Simple dipole antenna to understand the function of the antenna we consider the antenna to be enclosed by a surface volume and radiate in homogenous space free space.
A transmit antenna needs a receiving antenna with the same polarization for optimum operation. When the antenna is excited, the waves generated within the dielectric undergo reflections and the energyis radiated from the edges of the metal patch,which is very low. Antennas using patches as constitutive elements in an array are also possible. The radiating elements and the feed lines are usually photoetched on the dielectric substrate. Microstrip patch antennas research papers academia. It is a popular printed resonant antenna for narrowband microwave wireless links that require semihemispherical coverage. Dec 04, 2012 uhf patch antennas for space antenna development corporation, inc. The gain of these antennas is between the ranges between 8dbi to 20dbi. For antennas in this paper, laminates with a relative. The microstrip antenna can also be matched to a transmission line of characteristic impedance z0 by using a quarterwavelength transmission line of characteristic impedance z1 as shown in figure 2. It has low radiation power and narrow frequency bandwidth.